A secret election guarantees that each vote remains anonymous. This right is enshrined in Article 38 of the German Basic Law.
The state is obliged to ensure that eligible voters are able to vote in secret. In Germany, ballot papers must be completed alone and out of sight in polling booths. Before leaving the polling booth, the ballot paper is folded so that the markings cannot be seen. Handwritten notes or other additions that could make it possible to identify a voter render the ballot invalid.
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The secrecy of the ballot is intended to prevent citizens from being blackmailed, intimidated, or bribed when voting. Since no one is allowed to verify how a person marked their ballot paper, eligible voters can cast their vote without fear of social or political consequences. Before or after the election, voters are free to decide whether to talk about how they voted.
